Potenciales actividades biofuncionales de nuevas fuentes proteicas en la prevención del sindrome metabólico y sus complicaciones asociadas

Abstract

El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) se define como un conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas (obesidad central, hipertensión (HT), dislipemia aterogénica y resistencia insulínica, entre otras) que predisponen al desarrollo de Enfermedad Cardiovascular (ECV) y diabetes tipo 2. Se le ha declarado como una de las epidemias del siglo XXI identificándose como una nueva enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT). El presente proyecto responde al Objetivo 3 de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible “Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades”. La ECV y la diabetes 2, entre las ECNT, constituyen importantes causas de discapacidad y muerte prematura en nuestro país y en todo el mundo. Muchos de sus factores de riesgo pueden evitarse a través de estrategias preventivas, entre las cuales las estrategias nutricionales cobran importancia. Los cambios en los hábitos dietéticos adoptados en las últimas décadas por el mundo occidental -nutrientes con alto contenido energético, ricos en grasas saturadas y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-6, azúcares simples (fructosa/sacarosa), y una disminución en la ingesta de proteínas, fibras y ácidos grasos n-3- junto a una disminución del gasto energético, contribuyen al incremento de factores de riesgo metabólicos (sobrepeso, obesidad, HT, dislipidemia, hiperglucemia), que aumentan el riesgo de ECNT y complicaciones asociadas a ellas, y que afectan la función metabólica de numerosos órganos y tejidos. La búsqueda de alimentos que provean de biomoléculas con potenciales beneficios para la prevención/tratamiento de estas enfermedades es un tópico de interés. Las moléculas que proveen beneficios a la salud del hombre se encuentran en la biodiversidad de los ambientes naturales y estos proveen servicios y beneficios a la sociedad, siendo muchos aún no reconocidos como sucede en la cuenca del Paraná con los crustáceos decápodos de ambientes dulciacuícolas. El objetivo general del proyecto es evaluar los potenciales beneficios de la fuente proteica de Crustáceos Decápodos (Macrobrachium borellii) cultivados en sistema de acuaponia, en la prevención de diferentes desórdenes metabólicos y disfunción de diferentes tejidos involucrados en la fisiopatogenia del Síndrome Metabólico y sus complicaciones. Para ello se empleará un modelo experimental animal que mimetiza muchas de las alteraciones metabólicas incluidas en esta enfermedad, inducido por el consumo de una dieta rica en sacarosa.

Metabolic síndrome (MS) is defined as a set of metabolic disorders (central obesity, hy-pertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, among others) that predis-pose to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. MS has been declared as one of the epidemics of the 21st century and has been identified as a new non-communicable disease. The present project responds to the Goal 3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. Among Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), CVD and type 2 diabetes are major causes of disability and premature death in our country and worldwide. Many of their risk factors, included in the MS, can be avoided through pre-ventive strategies, among which nutritional strategies become important. The changes in dietary habits adopted in recent decades by the western world - energy-dense nutrients rich in saturated fats and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, simple sugars (fructose/sucrose), and a decrease in the intake of proteins, fibers and n-3 fatty acids - together with a decrease in energy expenditure, contribute to the increase of metabolic risk factors (overweight, obesity, HT, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), which increase the risk of NCDs and associated complications, and affect the metabolic function of numer-ous organs and tissues. In recent decades, there was an increased interest in foods that provide biomolecules with potential benefits for the prevention/treatment of these diseases. The molecules that provide benefits to human health are found in the biodiversity of natural environ-ments and these provide services and benefits to society, many of which are still unrec-ognized, as is the case of the Paraná basin. A biological group of interest for their quali-ties are the decapod crustaceans of freshwater environments. The aim of the project is to evaluate the potential benefits of the protein source of Dec-apod Crustaceans (Macrobrachium borellii), cultivated in aquaponics system, in the prevention of different metabolic disorders and dysfunction of different tissues in-volved in the physiopathogenesis of the MS and its complications. For this purpose, an experimental animal model that mimics many of the metabolic alterations included in this disease, induced by the consumption of a sucrose-rich diet, will be used. Metabolic síndrome (MS) is defined as a set of metabolic disorders (central obesity, hy-pertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, among others) that predis-pose to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. MS has been declared as one of the epidemics of the 21st century and has been identified as a new non-communicable disease. The present project responds to the Goal 3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. Among Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), CVD and type 2 diabetes are major causes of disability and premature death in our country and worldwide. Many of their risk factors, included in the MS, can be avoided through pre-ventive strategies, among which nutritional strategies become important. The changes in dietary habits adopted in recent decades by the western world - energy-dense nutrients rich in saturated fats and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, simple sugars (fructose/sucrose), and a decrease in the intake of proteins, fibers and n-3 fatty acids - together with a decrease in energy expenditure, contribute to the increase of metabolic risk factors (overweight, obesity, HT, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), which increase the risk of NCDs and associated complications, and affect the metabolic function of numer-ous organs and tissues. In recent decades, there was an increased interest in foods that provide biomolecules with potential benefits for the prevention/treatment of these diseases. The molecules that provide benefits to human health are found in the biodiversity of natural environ-ments and these provide services and benefits to society, many of which are still unrec-ognized, as is the case of the Paraná basin. A biological group of interest for their quali-ties are the decapod crustaceans of freshwater environments. The aim of the project is to evaluate the potential benefits of the protein source of Dec-apod Crustaceans (Macrobrachium borellii), cultivated in aquaponics system, in the prevention of different metabolic disorders and dysfunction of different tissues in-volved in the physiopathogenesis of the MS and its complications. For this purpose, an experimental animal model that mimics many of the metabolic alterations included in this disease, induced by the consumption of a sucrose-rich diet, will be used.