Subsistemas agroindustriales en los espacios pampeanos argentino y brasileño. Estructura socioeconómica, sistemas de innovación y articulación territorial

Abstract

La región pampeana o las pampas suramericanas, en tanto entidad socioeconómica, suele ser definida por criterios físicos y sociales que no son concluyentes ni taxativos. Por el contrario, pueden ser difusos e incluso cambiantes según se prioricen dimensiones tanto de orden natural (fitogeografía, regiones climáticas o agronómicas, por ejemplo) como socio históricas (según la formación de estructuras socioeconómicas diferentes, o incluso la concurrencia de poblaciones con rasgos culturales alternativos).En este marco, la delimitación y caracterización del espacio pampeano ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones en el campo de las ciencias sociales, constituyendo un tema central y preferente que, sin embargo, no ha sido resuelto definitivamente. El interés por este interrogante se alimenta también de sus implicancias políticas, considerando la centralidad que, sobre todo en el caso argentino, tiene el sistema agro pampeano en la formación y estructuración de este espacio nacional. Puede verse cómo la labor de las ciencias sociales se combina con preocupaciones de orden político en el ensayo de interpretación historiográfica realizado por Hora sobre ?el campo? (Hora, 2019).

The research aims to identify the main socioeconomic subsystems related to agro-industrial activities in the agro-producing areas of Argentina and Brazil, focusing on the Pampas region, and to characterize them according to five dimensions: demographic structure, socioeconomic structure, innovation systems, the international integration of the subsystems, and their connection to national spaces. To achieve this, the research is proposed to be conducted in three phases. First, it will address the comparative demographic and socioeconomic structure. This will involve analyzing spatial distribution patterns in the agro-producing regions using departmental or local level indicators on social, urban, demographic, and sectoral structures. These indicators and the identified patterns will be related to regions defined by the movement of people, characterized as local economic areas, local labor markets, or areas of local influence, particularly in the case of Argentina given the availability of information. Finally, the previous results will be contrasted with the movements of agro- industrial goods in the agro-producing areas, particularly the Pampas regions of Argentina and Brazil, and placed in relation to the previously characterized local economic areas. In the second phase of the research, the aim is to identify and characterize the innovation systems developed in the agro-industrial chains in the reference area, considering the institutional forms of coordination of innovation activities, the main actors, and their sectoral and socio-spatial articulation. In this context, the research aims to identify technological milestones and the main actors involved in agro- industrial innovation systems and the relationships established between Argentina and Brazil. Secondly, it seeks to identify different types of innovation subsystems characterized by the predominant types of innovation activities, socioeconomic relationships, and coordination mechanisms involved in their organization. Finally, the aim is to characterize the international integration of the Pampas agro-industrial subsystems by identifying the dynamics of exports in terms of quantity, price, destination, and products, and observing the impact this has on the external sector of the national spaces considered.